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Thursday, August 18, 2011

जन लोकपाल विधेयक

जन लोकपाल विधेयक भारत में प्रस्तावित भ्रष्टाचारनिरोधी विधेयक का मसौदा है। यदि इस तरह का विधेयक पारित हो जाता है तो भारत में जन लोकपाल चुनने का रास्ता साफ हो जायेगा जो चुनाव आयुक्त की तरह स्वतंत्र संस्था होगी। जन लोकपाल के पास भ्रष्ट राजनेताओं एवं नौकरशाहों पर बिना सरकार से अनुमति लिये ही अभियोग चलाने की शक्ति होगी। जस्टिस संतोष हेगड़े, प्रशांत भूषण, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता अरविंद केजरीवाल ने यह बिल जनता के साथ विचार विमर्श के बाद तैयार किया है।

जन लोकपाल विधेयक के मुख्य बिन्दु

इस कानून के तहत केंद्र में लोकपाल और राज्यों में लोकायुक्त का गठन होगा।

यह संस्था चुनाव आयोग और उच्चतम न्यायालय की तरह सरकार से स्वतंत्र होगी।

किसी भी मुकदमे की जांच एक साल के भीतर पूरी होगी। ट्रायल अगले एक साल में पूरा होगा।

भ्रष्ट नेता, अधिकारी या जज को 2 साल के भीतर जेल भेजा जाएगा।

भ्रष्टाचार की वजह से सरकार को जो नुकसान हुआ है अपराध साबित होने पर उसे दोषी से वसूला जाएगा।

अगर किसी नागरिक का काम तय समय में नहीं होता तो लोकपाल दोषी अफसर पर जुर्माना लगाएगा जो शिकायतकर्ता को मुआवजे के तौर पर मिलेगा।

लोकपाल के सदस्यों का चयन जज, नागरिक और संवैधानिक संस्थाएं मिलकर करेंगी। नेताओं का कोई हस्तक्षेप नहीं होगा।

लोकपाल/ लोक आयुक्तों का काम पूरी तरह पारदर्शी होगा। लोकपाल के किसी भी कर्मचारी के खिलाफ शिकायत आने पर उसकी जांच 2 महीने में पूरी कर उसे बर्खास्त कर दिया जाएगा।

सीवीसी, विजिलेंस विभाग और सीबीआई के ऐंटि-करप्शन विभाग का लोकपाल में विलय हो जाएगा।

लोकपाल को किसी भी भ्रष्ट जज, नेता या अफसर के खिलाफ जांच करने और मुकदमा चलाने के लिए पूरी शक्ति और व्यवस्था होगी।

==जन लोकपाल बिल की प्रमुख शर्तें न्यायाधीश संतोष हेगड़े, प्रशांत भूषण और अरविंद केजरीवाल द्वारा बनाया गया यह विधेयक लोगों द्वारा वेबसाइट पर दी गई प्रतिक्रिया और जनता के साथ विचार-विमर्श के बाद तैयार किया गया है। इस बिल को शांति भूषण, जे एम लिंग्दोह, किरण बेदी, अन्ना हजारे आदि का समर्थन प्राप्त है। इस बिल की प्रति प्रधानमंत्री और सभी राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्रियों को एक दिसम्बर को भेजा गया था।
1. इस कानून के अंतर्गत, केंद्र में लोकपाल और राज्यों में लोकायुक्त का गठन होगा।
2. यह संस्था निर्वाचन आयोग और सुप्रीम कोर्ट की तरह सरकार से स्वतंत्र होगी। कोई भी नेता या सरकारी अधिकारी की जांच की जा सकेगी
3. भ्रष्टाचारियों के खिलाफ कई सालों तक मुकदमे लम्बित नहीं रहेंगे। किसी भी मुकदमे की जांच एक साल के भीतर पूरी होगी। ट्रायल अगले एक साल में पूरा होगा और भ्रष्ट नेता, अधिकारी या न्यायाधीश को दो साल के भीतर जेल भेजा जाएगा।
4. अपराध सिद्ध होने पर भ्रष्टाचारियों द्वारा सरकार को हुए घाटे को वसूल किया जाएगा।
5. यह आम नागरिक की कैसे मदद करेगा: यदि किसी नागरिक का काम तय समय सीमा में नहीं होता, तो लोकपाल जिम्मेदार अधिकारी पर जुर्माना लगाएगा और वह जुर्माना शिकायतकर्ता को मुआवजे के रूप में मिलेगा।
6. अगर आपका राशन कार्ड, मतदाता पहचान पत्र, पासपोर्ट आदि तय समय सीमा के भीतर नहीं बनता है या पुलिस आपकी शिकायत दर्ज नहीं करती तो आप इसकी शिकायत लोकपाल से कर सकते हैं और उसे यह काम एक महीने के भीतर कराना होगा। आप किसी भी प्रकार के भ्रष्टाचार की शिकायत लोकपाल से कर सकते हैं जैसे सरकारी राशन की कालाबाजारी, सड़क बनाने में गुणवत्ता की अनदेखी, पंचायत निधि का दुरुपयोग। लोकपाल को इसकी जांच एक साल के भीतर पूरी करनी होगी। सुनवाई अगले एक साल में पूरी होगी और दोषी को दो साल के भीतर जेल भेजा जाएगा।
7. क्या सरकार भ्रष्ट और कमजोर लोगों को लोकपाल का सदस्य नहीं बनाना चाहेगी? ये मुमकिन नहीं है क्योंकि लोकपाल के सदस्यों का चयन न्यायाधीशों, नागरिकों और संवैधानिक संस्थानों द्वारा किया जाएगा न कि नेताओं द्वारा। इनकी नियुक्ति पारदर्शी तरीके से और जनता की भागीदारी से होगी।
8. अगर लोकपाल में काम करने वाले अधिकारी भ्रष्ट पाए गए तो? लोकपाल / लोकायुक्तों का कामकाज पूरी तरह पारदर्शी होगा। लोकपाल के किसी भी कर्मचारी के खिलाफ शिकायत आने पर उसकी जांच अधिकतम दो महीने में पूरी कर उसे बर्खास्त कर दिया जाएगा।
9. मौजूदा भ्रष्टाचार निरोधक संस्थानों का क्या होगा? सीवीसी, विजिलेंस विभाग, सीबीआई की भ्रष्टाचार निरोधक विभाग (अंटी कारप्शन डिपार्टमेंट) का लोकपाल में विलय कर दिया जाएगा। लोकपाल को किसी न्यायाधीश, नेता या अधिकारी के खिलाफ जांच करने व मुकदमा चलाने के लिए पूर्ण शक्ति और व्यवस्था भी होगी।

सरकारी बिल और जनलोकपाल बिल में मुख्य अंतर

राज्यसभा के सभापति या स्पीकर से अनुमति

सरकारी लोकपाल के पास भ्रष्टाचार के मामलों पर ख़ुद या आम लोगों की शिकायत पर सीधे कार्रवाई शुरु करने का अधिकार नहीं होगा. सांसदों से संबंधित मामलों में आम लोगों को अपनी शिकायतें राज्यसभा के सभापति या लोकसभा अध्यक्ष को भेजनी पड़ेंगी.वहीं प्रस्तावित जनलोकपाल बिल के तहत लोकपाल ख़ुद किसी भी मामले की जांच शुरु करने का अधिकार रखता है. इसमें किसी से जांच के लिए अनुमति लेने की ज़रूरत नहीं है.सरकारी विधेयक में लोकपाल केवल परामर्श दे सकता है. वह जांच के बाद अधिकार प्राप्त संस्था के पास इस सिफ़ारिश को भेजेगा. जहां तक मंत्रीमंडल के सदस्यों का सवाल है इस पर प्रधानमंत्री फ़ैसला करेंगे. वहीं जनलोकपाल सशक्त संस्था होगी. उसके पास किसी भी सरकारी अधिकारी के विरुद्ध कार्रवाई की क्षमता होगी.सरकारी विधेयक में लोकपाल के पास पुलिस शक्ति नहीं होगी. जनलोकपाल न केवल प्राथमिकी दर्ज करा पाएगा बल्कि उसके पास पुलिस फ़ोर्स भी होगी.सरकारी विधेयक में लोकपाल केवल परामर्श दे सकता है. वह जांच के बाद अधिकार प्राप्त संस्था के पास इस सिफ़ारिश को भेजेगा. जहां तक मंत्रीमंडल के सदस्यों का सवाल है इस पर प्रधानमंत्री फ़ैसला करेंगे. वहीं जनलोकपाल सशक्त संस्था होगी. उसके पास किसी भी सरकारी अधिकारी के विरुद्ध कार्रवाई की क्षमता होगी.सरकारी विधेयक में लोकपाल के पास पुलिस शक्ति नहीं होगी. जनलोकपाल न केवल प्राथमिकी दर्ज करा पाएगा बल्कि उसके पास पुलिस फ़ोर्स भी होगी

अधिकार क्षेत्र सीमित

अगर कोई शिकायत झूठी पाई जाती है तो सरकारी विधेयक में शिकायतकर्ता को जेल भी भेजा जा सकता है. लेकिन जनलोकपाल बिल में झूठी शिकायत करने वाले पर जुर्माना लगाने का प्रावधान है.
सरकारी विधेयक में लोकपाल का अधिकार क्षेत्र सांसद, मंत्री और प्रधानमंत्री तक सीमित रहेगा. जनलोकपाल के दायरे में प्रधानमत्री समेत नेता, अधिकारी, न्यायाधीश सभी आएँगे.
लोकपाल में तीन सदस्य होंगे जो सभी सेवानिवृत्त न्यायाधीश होंगे. जनलोकपाल में 10 सदस्य होंगे और इसका एक अध्यक्ष होगा. चार की क़ानूनी पृष्टभूमि होगी. बाक़ी का चयन किसी भी क्षेत्र से होगा.

चयनकर्ताओं में अंतर

सरकार द्वारा प्रस्तावित लोकपाल को नियुक्त करने वाली समिति में उपराष्ट्रपति. प्रधानमंत्री, दोनो सदनों के नेता, दोनो सदनों के विपक्ष के नेता, क़ानून और गृह मंत्री होंगे. वहीं प्रस्तावित जनलोकपाल बिल में न्यायिक क्षेत्र के लोग, मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त, नियंत्रक एवं महालेखा परीक्षक, भारतीय मूल के नोबेल और मैगासेसे पुरस्कार के विजेता चयन करेंगे.लोकपाल की जांच पूरी होने के लिए छह महीने से लेकर एक साल का समय तय किया गया है. प्रस्तावित जनलोकपाल बिल के अनुसार एक साल में जांच पूरी होनी चाहिए और अदालती कार्यवाही भी उसके एक साल में पूरी होनी चाहिए.
सरकारी लोकपाल विधेयक में नौकरशाहों और जजों के ख़िलाफ़ जांच का कोई प्रावधान नहीं है. लेकिन जनलोकपाल के तहत नौकरशाहों और जजों के ख़िलाफ़ भी जांच करने का अधिकार शामिल है. भ्रष्ट अफ़सरों को लोकपाल बर्ख़ास्त कर सकेगा.

सज़ा और नुक़सान की भरपाई

सरकारी लोकपाल विधेयक में दोषी को छह से सात महीने की सज़ा हो सकती है और धोटाले के धन को वापिस लेने का कोई प्रावधान नहीं है. वहीं जनलोकपाल बिल में कम से कम पांच साल और अधिकतम उम्र क़ैद की सज़ा हो सकती है. साथ ही धोटाले की भरपाई का भी प्रावधान है.
ऐसी स्थिति मे जिसमें लोकपाल भ्रष्ट पाया जाए, उसमें जनलोकपाल बिल में उसको पद से हटाने का प्रावधान भी है. इसी के साथ केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयुक्त, सीबीआई की भ्रष्टाचार निरोधक शाखा सभी को जनलोकपाल का हिस्सा बनाने का प्रावधान भी है.

What is Jan Lokpal Bill...

The Jan Lokpal Bill (Hindi: जन लोकपाल विधेयक), also referred to as the citizens' ombudsman bill, is a proposed anti-corruption law in India. It was proposed by anti-corruption social activists as a more effective improvement to the original Lokpal bill which is currently being proposed by the the Government of India^[1]. The prefix Jan (translation: citizens) was added to signify the fact that these improvements include inputs provided by the ordinary citizens through a activist driven non-governmental public consultation^[2][3].
The Jan Lokpal Bill aims to effectively deter corruption, redress grievances of citizens and protect whistle-blowers. If made into into law, the bill seeks to create an independent ombudsman body similar to the Election Commission of India called the Lokpal (Sanskrit: protector of the people). It will be empowered to register and investigate complaints of corruption against politicians and bureaucrats without prior government approval^[4]. First introduced in 1968^[5], the bill has failed to become law for over four decades.^[6]
In 2011, Gandhian rights activist Anna Hazare started a Satyagraha movement by commencing a fast unto death in New Delhi to demand the passing of the bill. The movement attracted attention in the media, and thousands of supporters. Following Hazare's four day hunger strike, the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stated that the bill would be re-introduced in the 2011 monsoon session of the Parliament^[7].
Accordingly, a committee of five Cabinet Ministers and five social activists attempted to draft a compromise bill merging both the version but failed. The Indian government went on to propose its own version in the parliament, which the activists reject on the grounds of not being sufficiently effective^[8].

Background

The Lokpal bill was first introduced by Shanti Bhushan in 1968^[5] and passed in the 4th Lok Sabha in 1969. But it did not get through in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. Subsequent versions were re-introduced in 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005 and in 2008,^[9] but none of them passed.
Renewed calls for the bill arose over resentment of the major differences between the draft 2010 Lokpal Bill prepared by the government and that prepared by the members of the associated activists movement — N. Santosh Hegde, a former justice of the Supreme Court of India; Lokayukta of Karnataka; Shanti Bhushan; Arvind Kejriwal; Prashant Bhushan, a senior lawyer in the Supreme Court; and members of the India Against Corruption movement^[2].
The bill's supporters consider existing laws too weak, full of contradictions and insufficiently empowered to combat corruption.^[10]^[11] On the other hand, critics of the Jan Lokpal Bill argue that the bill attempts to supercede existing constitutional bodies and attempts to create a super-institution with sweeping powers, which can be dangerous for the future of democracy.^[12]

Key features of proposed bill

Some important features of the proposed bill are:^[2]

To establish a central government anti-corruption institution called Lokpal, supported by Lokayukta at the state level.
As in the case of the Supreme Court and Cabinet Secretariat, the Lokpal will be supervised by the Cabinet Secretary and the Election Commission. As a result, it will be completely independent of the government and free from ministerial influence in its investigations.
Members will be appointed by judges, Indian Administrative Service officers with a clean record, private citizens and constitutional authorities through a transparent and participatory process.
A selection committee will invite shortlisted candidates for interviews, videorecordings of which will thereafter be made public.
Every month on its website, the Lokayukta will publish a list of cases dealt with, brief details of each, their outcome and any action taken or proposed. It will also publish lists of all cases received by the Lokayukta during the previous month, cases dealt with and those which are pending.
Investigations of each case must be completed in one year. Any resulting trials should be concluded in the following year, giving a total maximum process time of two years.
Losses caused to the government by a corrupt individual will be recovered at the time of conviction.
Government officework required by a citizen that is not completed within a prescribed time period will result in Lokpal imposing financial penalties on those responsible, which will then be given as compensation to the complainant.
Complaints against any officer of Lokpal will be investigated and completed within a month and, if found to be substantive, will result in the officer being dismissed within two months.
The existing anti-corruption agencies (CVC, departmental vigilance and the anti-corruption branch of the CBI) will be merged into Lokpal which will have complete power and authority to independently investigate and prosecute any officer, judge or politician.
Whistleblowers who alert the agency to potential corruption cases will also be provided with protection by it.

Difference between Government and activist drafts

Highlights

Difference between Draft Lokpal Bill 2010 and Jan Lokpal Bill^[13]
Draft Lokpal Bill (2010)	Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizen's Ombudsman Bill)
Lokpal will have no power to initiate suo motu action or receive complaints of corruption from the general public. It can only probe complaints forwarded by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.	Lokpal will have powers to initiate suo moto action or receive complaints of corruption from the general public.
Lokpal will only be an Advisory Body with a role limited to forwarding reports to a "Competent Authority".	Lokpal will have the power to initiate prosecution of anyone found guilty.
Lokpal will have no police powers and no ability to register an FIR or proceed with criminal investigations.	Lokpal will have police powers as well as the ability to register FIRs.
The CBI and Lokpal will be unconnected.	Lokpal and the anti corruption wing of the CBI will be one independent body.
Punishment for corruption will be a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of up to 7 years.	Punishments will be a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of up to life imprisonment.

Detailed

The following table details differences between the Jan Lokpal Bill being offered by the Government and the one offered by Anna Hazare's team, as described in The Hindu^[14] and Times of India^[15].

Issue	The Jan Lokpal Bill ^[3]	Government's Lokpal Bill ^[1]
Prime Minister	Can be investigated with permission of seven member Lokpal bench.^[14]	PM cannot be investigate by Lokpal.^[16]
Judiciary	Can be investigated, though high level members may be investigated only with permission of a seven member Lokpal bench.^[14]	Judiciary is exempt and will be covered by a separate "judicial accountability bill".^[15]
MPs	Can be investigated with permission of seven member Lokpal bench.^[14]	Can be investigated, but their conduct within Parliament, such as voting, cannot be investigated.^[15]
Lower bureaucracy	All public servants would be included.^[15]	Only Group A officers will be covered.^[15]
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)	The CBI will be merged into the Lokpal.^[15]	The CBI will remain a separate agency.^[14]
Removal of Lokpal members and Chair	Any person can bring a complaint to the Supreme Court, who can then recommend removal of any member to the President.^[14]	Any "aggrieved party" can raise a complaint to the President, who will refer the matter to the CJI.^[14]
Removal of Lokpal staff and officers	Complaints against Lokpal staff will be handled by independent boards set-up in each state, composed of retired bureaucrats, judges, and civil society members.^[14]	Lokpal will conduct inquiries into its own behavior.^[14]
Lokayukta	Lokakyukta and other local/state anti-corruption agency would remain in place.^[15]	All state anti-corruption agencies would be closed and responsibilities taken over by centralized Lokpal.^[15]
Whistleblower protection	Whistleblowers are protected law.^[14]	No protection granted to whistleblowers.^[14]
Punishment for corruption	Lokpal can either directly impose penalties, or refer the matter to the courts. Penalties can include removal from office, imprisonment, and recovery of assets from those who benefited from the corruption.^[14]	Lokpal can only refer matters to the courts, not take any direct punitive actions. Penalties remain equivalent to those in current law.^[14]
Investigatory powers	Lokpal can obtain wiretaps, issue rogatory letters, and recruit investigating officers. Cannot issue contempt orders.^[14]	Lokpal can issue contempt orders, and has the ability to punish those in contempt. No authority to obtain wiretaps, issue rogatory letters, or recruit investigating officers.^[14]
False, frivolous and vexatious complaints	Lokpal can issue fines for frivolous complaints (including frivolous complaints against Lokpal itself), with a maximum penalty of 1 lakh.^[14].	Court system will handle matters of frivolous complaints. Courts can issue fines of Rs25,000 to 2 lakh.^[14]
Scope	All corruption can be investigated.^[15]	Only high-level corruption can be investigated.^[15]

Campaign for the Jan Lokpal Bill

Main article: 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement

The first version of the Lokpal Bill drafted by the Government of India in 2010 was considered ineffective by anti-corruption activists from the civil society ^[17]. These activists, under the banner of India Against Corruption, came together to draft a citizen's version of the Lokpal Bill later called the Jan Lokpal^[17]. Public awareness drives^[18] and protest marches^[17] were carried out to campaign for the bill. However, public support for the Jan Lokpal Bill draft started gathering steam after Anna Hazare, a noted Gandhian announced that he would hold an indefinite fast from April 5, 2011 for the passing of the Lokpal/Jan Lokpal bill^[7]^[19]^[20].

Protestors holding a candle light vigil in support of Anna's anti-corruption campaign

On April 8, Anna Hazare called for a Jail Bharo Andolan from April 13 to protest against Government's rejection of their demands^[21]. Anna Hazare also claimed that his group has received six crore (60 million) text messages of support^[22] and that he had further backing from a large number of Internet activists. The outpouring of support was largely free of political overtones; political parties were specifically discouraged from participating in the movement^[23]. The fast ended on April 9, after 98 hours, when the Government accepted most demands due to public pressure. Anna Hazare set an August 15 deadline for the passing of the bill in the Parliament^[24], failing which he would start a hunger strike from August 16. The fast also led to the Government of India agreeing to setting up a Joint Drafting Committee, which would complete its work by June 30^[24].

Notable supporters and opposition

In addition to the activists responsible for creating and organizing support for the bill, a wide variety of other notable individuals have also stated that they support this bill. Spiritual leadersSri Sri Ravi Shankar^[25] and Yog Guru Ramdev^[26] have both expressed support. Notable politicians who have indicated support for the bill include Ajit Singh^[27] and Manpreet Singh Badal^[28] as well as the principal opposition party, Bharatiya Janta Party.^[29]^[30] In addition, numerous Bollywood actors, directors, and musicians have publicly approved of the bill.^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]
Notable opposition has been expressed by HRD minister Kapil Sibal and other Congress leaders; Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamta Banerjee; Punjab Chief Minister and Akali Dal leader Prakash Singh Badal; Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray, and former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Jagdish Sharan Verma. ^[39] Although BJP showed their support earlier, there are reports that BJP shares the Congress's concern "over letting the civil society gain the upper hand over Parliament in lawmaking".^[40]

Government response

To dissuade Hazare from going on an indefinite hunger strike, the Prime Minister's Office have directed the ministries of personnel and law to examine how the views of society activists can be included in the Lokpal Bill.^[41]
On 5 April 2011, the National Advisory Council rejected the Lokpal bill drafted by the government. Union Human Resource Development Minister Kapil Sibal then met social activists Swami Agnivesh and Arvind Kejriwal on 7 April to find ways to bridge differences over the bill.^[42] Hazare's fast was supported by the CPI(M) with their politburo issuing a statement demanding an effective Lokpal Bill.
After several rounds of talks, on 8 April 2011, Anna Hazare announced to his supporters that the Government had agreed to all his demands and he would break his fast on the following Saturday morning. According to the understanding reached, five of the ten-member joint-draft committee would come from society . Pranab Mukherjee will be the Chairman of the draft committee and Shanti Bhushan his Co-Chairman.^[43]
Government's handling of the formation of the draft committee, involving the civil society in preparation of the draft Lokpal bill, was criticized by various political parties: BJP, BJD, TDP,AIADMK, CPI-M,RJD, BJD, JD(U) and Samajwadi Party. ^[44]^[45]
On July 28, 2011, the Union Cabinet ministers approved a bill that will be introduced in the Parliament in August 2011 for approval. This bill contains parts of the provisions proposed in Jan Lokpal bill. The essential features are: Lokpal consists of eight members and a chairperson; the Chair will be retired Chief Justice; four members should have judicial background such as retired justices from the Supreme Court; the other four members should have 25 years of administrative experience in particular dealing with corruption with integrity; members are appointed for a term of five years; Lokpal will have its own investigation and prosecution wing; it has the authority to investigate corruption matters involving any ministers, Members of Parliament, any Group A officers in any organization set up by the Parliament; Lokpal will not have the power to prosecute but will have to refer the case to the Supreme Court. A nine member committee, headed by the Prime Minister (with members including the Speaker, opposition party leader, a minister and reputed legal professionals) and the Prime Minister and Supreme Court and High Court justices are exempted from he jurisdiction of Lokpal. If this bill becomes law, one major change from the current practice is that the LokPal can initiate investigation of government officials and ministers and other elected representatives without prior approval from the government, as it is practiced now under the Prevention of Corruption Act of 1988. ^[46]

Drafting Committee

The drafting committee was officially formed on 8 April 2011. It consists of ten members, including five from the government and five drawn from society.^[47]^[48] The committee failed to agree on the terms of a compromise bill and the government introduced its own version of the bill in the parliament in August 2011. ^[49]

Chairmen

The Government of India accepted that the committee be co-chaired by a politician and a non-political activist. It is reported that Pranab Mukherjee, from the political arena, and Shanti Bhushan, from civil society, will fill those roles^{[citation needed]}.

Criticisms of the bill

Pro-bill activitist Arvind Kejriwal

The bill has been criticized as being naïve in its approach to combating corruption. According to Pratap Bhanu Mehta, President of the Center for Policy Research Delhi writes^[50] that the bill "is premised on an institutional imagination that is at best naïve; at worst subversive of representative democracy". The very concept of a Lokpal concept has received criticism from HRD minister Kapil Sibal in that it will lack accountability, be oppresive and undemocratic^[12].
The pro-bill activist Arvind Kejriwal rejects the claim of Lokpal being extra-constitutional with the explanation that the body will only investigate corruption offences and submit a charge sheet which would then tried and prosecuted through trial courts and higher courts. And that other bodies with equivalent powers in other matters exist. And also that the proposed bill also lists clear provisions for the Supreme Court to abolish the Lokpal^[51].
Despite these clarifications, critics feel that the exact judicial powers of LokPal is rather unclear in comparison with its investigative powers. The bill ^[52] requires "...members of Lokpal and the officers in investigation wing of Lokpal shall be deemed to be police officers". Although some supporters have denied any judicial powers of Lokpal,^[53] the government and some critics have recognized Lokpal to have quasi-judicial powers. ^[54].
The bill also states that "Lokpal shall have, and exercise the same jurisdiction powers and authority in respect of contempt of itself as a High court has and may exercise, and, for this purpose, the provisions of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (Central Act 70 of 1971)shall have the effect subject to the modification that the references therein to the High Court shall be construed as including a reference to the Lokpal." ^[55] ^[56] ^[57]. Review of proceedings and decisions by Lokpal is prevented in the bill by the statement "...no proceedings or decision of the Lokpal shall be liable to be challenged, reviewed, quashed or called in question in any court of ordinary Civil Jurisdiction.". As a result, how the trials will be conducted is unclear in the bill, although the bill outlines requiring judges for special courts, presumably to conduct trial that should be completed within one year. The critics hence express concern that, without judicial review, Lokpal could potentially become an extra-constitutional body with investigative and judicial powers whose decisions cannot be reviewed in regular courts.^[58].
The matter of whether the Indian Prime Minister and higher judiciary should or should not be prosecutable by the Lokpal remains as one of the major issues of dispute. Anna's own nominee for co-chairing the joint panel Justice Verma, the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, has expressed his constitutional objections for including the Prime Minister and higher judiciary under Lokpal^[59]. According to him, "this would foul with the basic structure of the constitution"^[60].

Critic - Aruna Roy

Magsaysay Award winner Aruna Roy has said "Vesting jurisdiction over the length and breadth of the government machinery in one institution will concentrate too much power in the institution, while the volume of work will make it difficult to carry out its tasks". She and her colleagues at the National Campaign for People's Right to Information (NCPRI) have proposed an alternative mechanism consisting of five institutions^[61].

Controversies

In April 2011, the involvement of the bill co-chairman Shanti Bhushan was questioned after a CDROM emerged with audio clippings of a telephone conversation allegedly between him, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Amar Singh about influencing a judge.^[62] All involved reacted to the allegation saying that the CD was fabricated and demanded a formal investigation to verify its authenticity.
Delhi Police arrested Hazare on 16 August 2011 at his residence as he was leaving for the JP park, where he was to start his unlimited hunger strike. Arwind Kejriwal and many supporters were also arrested. Police arrested Hazare on the grounds that his protest could cause law and order problems in Delhi. After his arrest, thousands of people gathered in the city to protest against the government. People rallied in large numbers; the police arrested thousand of people, who were detained inside stadiums converted to jails.^[63] The city observed a candle light protest at India Gate in response. The nation as a whole witnessed widespread protests against the alleged atrocities of the government.

Anna Hazare

New Delhi: Anna Hazare is under arrest and has been produced before a magistrate. The police action foiled his plan to fast at Delhi's JP Park, but the 74-year-old has not eaten or even had water since early morning. (Read: Who is Anna Hazare?)

Mr Hazare's "preventive arrest" came after three hours of his being under "preventive detention." The Opposition has slammed the government, saying it is Emergency again. The government says it was "a painful duty"; in a very high-level huddle, senior ministers Pranab Mukherjee and P Chidambaram met Rahul Gandhi a little after noon on Tuesday.

At 7.30 am on Tuesday morning, minutes before Mr Hazare was to set out for his fast against corruption, about a dozen policemen in plain clothes detained him at fellow-activist Prashant Bhushan's residence at Supreme Enclave in Delhi's Mayur Vihar, where he was staying.
They tried to whisk him away in a white Innova car, but hundreds of angry protesters ensured that the car could barely move for over an hour. (Do you agree with Anna Hazare's fast?)

Mr Hazare, with several of his key aides who are now also under arrest, was taken to the Delhi Police Mess near Oberoi Maiden in north Delhi and was produced before a special executive magistrate there.

Defiance of police orders unacceptable: Chidambaram
Under attack from all quarters, the government has justified the police action on Anna. Home Minister P Chidambaram, not allowed to make a statement in Parliament by a belligerent Opposition, called Anna Hazare's detention a "painful duty," carried out because of "breach of peace." He was at pains to say that the government was not against peaceful protest, but said Team Anna was detained because it had refused to comply with six of the police's 22 conditions and made clear that it would defy orders not to hold their protest fast.

"It is unacceptable to defy police conditions...I inform you with regret that this action has been taken." Mr Chidambaram said, adding that Anna and six other people had been detained under Section 151 of the CrPC and taken to the police mess at Alipur road. He said a little over a 1000 people had been detained elsewhere in Delhi and most of them were at the Chhatrasal Stadium in north Delhi.

Parliament opened to chaos on Tuesday. The BJP gave a notice for suspension of Question Hour to discuss the Anna Hazare issue. The government said it was ready for a discussion after Question Hour, at noon. There was no meeting ground - when Mr Chidambaram offered to make a statement in Parliament, the Opposition said it will settle for nothing less than a statement from the Prime Minister. The two Houses were repeatedly adjourned, finally for the day. (Want statement from PM on Anna, says BJP)

Countrywide crusade

Anticipating arrest, Anna recorded an appeal to people to come forward for what he called the "second freedom struggle" in peaceful protest and said a second line of leaders would continue to lead the movement. But on Tuesday morning, this second line and core members of Team Anna - Arvind Kejriwal, Manish Sisodia and Kiran Bedi- were detained too and taken to the police mess. Eminent lawyer Shanti Bhushan was detained at Rajghat. (Watch: Anna's video message for India)

A third line of crusading leaders went underground to gather support using mobile phones and social media and surfaced a little before noon to decry Mr Hazare's arrest and to exhort people to come out in large numbers in protest. In Mumbai almost a 100 supporters have courted arrest.

In Bangalore, 87,000 of 100,000 IT employees have signed up to join the India Against Corruption movement. There is massive support in Kolkata too. In Chennai, Mahatma Gandhi's personal secretary Kalyanam is among about 300 people on hunger strike; 30 people have courted arrest. There are protests in Lucknow and Guwahati too. (Anna Hazare arrested: In Big cities, big protests)

In the capital, the supporters that followed Anna's car as he was being taken away vowed to continue their fight against corruption at Rajghat, where Anna was to have gone before setting out for JP Park where he planned to fast. Delhi Police has imposed Section 144 at several places in the capital, including central Delhi, JP Park, Rajghat and Dilli Gate. At Rajghat, the police is not allowing people to gather in large numbers. Any large groups are being disbanded, put in buses and taken away to Chhatrasal Stadium.

At JP Park, where Anna was to sit on fast, protesters poured in ready to court arrest. Hundreds also gathered at Chattrasal stadium. Activist-lawyer Prashant Bhushan said at 4pm today, protesters would march from the Pragati Maidan metro station to JP Park. He also announced that at 4 pm on Wednesday, a big march would be organised from India Gate to Parliament House. He appealed to all people to join the march and asked government employees to take mass leave for a day.

Team Anna has asked people to wear black bands and to use social media and SMSes to help gather more people.

BJP, Left slam government
The NDA met before Parliament convened today to decide on its strategy and the Opposition has asked for a discussion in Parliament. But in swift reaction to the police action, the BJP slammed the UPA government for detaining Anna Hazare. BJP patriarch L K Advani said he was not surprised at the detention. "I am not surprised at this development. This is the direction in which this government is moving. Instead of dealing with the problem of corruption and owning responsibility, it is trying to find scapegoats and stopping peaceful protests," Advani said. (Read: Advani slams Govt)

The Left criticized the detention as an attack on the democratic right to protest peacefully, but the CPI also appealed to Anna Hazare not to fast and to have faith in Parliament. (Anna's detention unconstitutional: Left)

A CPM statement read: "This is an attack on the democratic rights of citizens to protest peacefully. It shows how the Congress leadership is intolerant to any anti-corruption movement as their government is itself steeped in high-level corruption. The Polit Bureau reiterates that the official Lok Pal Bill presented in parliament is weak and inadequate."